Special functional proteins can be expressed on the surface of bacteria, providing specific binding capabilities for immunoglobulins. The main types of these proteins are Protein A (Staphylococcal Protein A, SPA), Protein G (Streptococcal Protein G, SPG), and Protein L (Peptostre ptococcus Protein L, PPL). Each of these proteins has unique properties and can bind a wide range of mammalian immunoglobulins. Their versatility allows them to complement each other and be used flexibly in various applications.
Species |
Protein A |
Protein G |
Protein L |
Species |
Protein A |
Protein G |
Protein L |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human |
lgG |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
Sheep |
lgG |
+ |
++ |
– |
lgG1 |
++++ |
++++ |
++++ |
lgG1 |
+ |
++ |
– |
||
lgG2 |
++++ |
++++ |
++++ |
lgG2 |
+++ |
+++ |
– |
||
lgG3 |
– |
+++ |
+++ |
Dog |
|
++ |
+ |
NT |
|
lgG4 |
++++ |
++++ |
++++ |
Pig |
|
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
|
lgA |
+ |
– |
+++ |
Rat |
lgG |
+ |
++ |
+++ |
|
lgA1 |
+ |
– |
+++ |
lgG1 |
– |
+ |
+++ |
||
lgA2 |
+ |
– |
+++ |
lgG2a |
– |
++++ |
+++ |
||
lgD |
– |
– |
+++ |
lgG2b |
– |
++ |
+++ |
||
lgE |
++ |
– |
+++ |
lgG2c |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
||
lgM |
+ |
– |
+++ |
lgG3 |
+ |
++ |
NT |
||
Rabbit |
lgG |
+++ |
+++ |
+ |
Mouse |
lgG |
++ |
++ |
+++ |
Cow |
lgG |
+ |
+++ |
– |
lgG1 |
+ |
++++ |
+++ |
|
lgG1 |
+ |
+++ |
– |
lgG2a |
++++ |
++++ |
+++ |
||
lgG2 |
+++ |
+++ |
– |
lgG2b |
+++ |
+++ |
+++ |
||
Cat |
lgG |
+++ |
+ |
NT |
lgG3 |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
|
Horse |
lgG |
++ |
++++ |
NT |
lgM |
– |
– |
+++ |
|
Goat |
lgG |
+ |
++ |
– |
Chicken |
lgY |
– |
– |
– |
lgG1 |
+ |
+++ |
– |
Monkey |
lgG |
++++ |
++++ |
NT |
|
lgG2 |
+++ |
+++ |
– |
Hamster |
|
+ |
++ |
+++ |
|
Guinea-pig |
lgG1 |
++ |
+ |
NT |
Koala |
|
– |
+ |
NT |
lgG2 |
++ |
+ |
NT |
Llama |
|
– |
+ |
NT |
|
Strong binding (++), medium interaction (+), weak or no interaction (-), not test (NT) |
Relative affinity of protein-A, protein-G, and protein-L for antibodies of different genera
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