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General Introduction of Protein A/ Protein G/ Protein L

Special functional proteins can be expressed on the surface of bacteria, providing specific binding capabilities for immunoglobulins. The main types of these proteins are Protein A (Staphylococcal Protein A, SPA), Protein G (Streptococcal Protein G, SPG), and Protein L (Peptostre ptococcus Protein L, PPL). Each of these proteins has unique properties and can bind a wide range of mammalian immunoglobulins. Their versatility allows them to complement each other and be used flexibly in various applications.

Synbio Technologies' Protein A, G, and L products, produced using an E. coli expression system, exhibit high specificity and affinity. Our Protein A, G, and L minimize non-specific protein binding, ensuring the production of highly purified antibodies suitable for a wide range of applications.

Highlights

Low Endotoxin

<100EU/mg LAL Assay
High Purity

>95% SDS-PAGE
Flexible Deliverables

Liquid/Lyophilized powder
Off-the-Shelf

Multiple sizes available

Service Details

Species		Protein A	Protein G	Protein L	Species		Protein A	Protein G	Protein L
Human	lgG	+++	+++	+++	Sheep	lgG	+	++	–
	lgG1	++++	++++	++++		lgG1	+	++	–
	lgG2	++++	++++	++++		lgG2	+++	+++	–
	lgG3	–	+++	+++	Dog		++	+	NT
	lgG4	++++	++++	++++	Pig		+++	++	+++
	lgA	+	–	+++	Rat	lgG	+	++	+++
	lgA1	+	–	+++		lgG1	–	+	+++
	lgA2	+	–	+++		lgG2a	–	++++	+++
	lgD	–	–	+++		lgG2b	–	++	+++
	lgE	++	–	+++		lgG2c	++	++	+++
	lgM	+	–	+++		lgG3	+	++	NT
Rabbit	lgG	+++	+++	+	Mouse	lgG	++	++	+++
Cow	lgG	+	+++	–		lgG1	+	++++	+++
	lgG1	+	+++	–		lgG2a	++++	++++	+++
	lgG2	+++	+++	–		lgG2b	+++	+++	+++
Cat	lgG	+++	+	NT		lgG3	++	+++	+++
Horse	lgG	++	++++	NT		lgM	–	–	+++
Goat	lgG	+	++	–	Chicken	lgY	–	–	–
	lgG1	+	+++	–	Monkey	lgG	++++	++++	NT
	lgG2	+++	+++	–	Hamster		+	++	+++
Guinea-pig	lgG1	++	+	NT	Koala		–	+	NT
Guinea-pig	lgG2	++	+	NT	Llama		–	+	NT
Strong binding (++), medium interaction (+), weak or no interaction (-), not test (NT)

Relative affinity of protein-A, protein-G, and protein-L for antibodies of different genera

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FAQs

What are the advantages and limitations of Protein A?

Some advantages of Protein A include its high flow rate and strong binding ability, making it suitable for large-scale antibody purification. Some limitations include non-specific binding and stability issues under specific conditions.

Why does protein G have low serum protein binding levels?

Removal of the N-terminal albumin-binding structural domain by recombinant expression results in a lower serum protein binding level for Protein G, reducing non-specific binding and improving purification efficiency.

What are some applications of Protein L?

Protein L is suitable for the purification of antibody fragments and for antibody isoforms that are not efficiently bound by proteins A and G; for example, in some human kappa light chain antibodies.

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