Constitutive Expression Vectors

Can achieve continuous gene expression in multiple cell types or organisms.

1. High expression levels.

2. Simple construction and usage.

3. Universal applicability regardless of cell type.

1. Lack of regulation.

2. Overexpression may be toxic to cells.

3. Continuous expression consumes excessive cellular resources, affecting normal physiological functions.

1. Studying gene functions through subcellular localization and overexpression.

2. Increasing gene expression to obtain large amounts of target proteins.

Tissue-Specific Expression Vectors

Can selectively express the target gene in specific cell types, developmental stages, or environmental conditions.

1. Specific expression in certain cell or tissue types

2. Specific regulatory elements, such as tissue-specific promoters, regulators, or response elements, for regulating foreign gene expression.

1. Complexity in designing and constructing specific regulatory elements.

2. Relatively complex and requires technical and resource support.

3. Fluctuations in expression levels.

Suitable for various research or application areas such as gene therapy, gene regulation, and biosensing.

Inducible Expression Vectors

Contains specific inducible or responsive elements to regulate the expression of the target gene under specific external signals or inducers.

1. Precise regulation of the time and intensity of gene expression.

2. Avoids nonspecific effects.

3. Cost-saving by inducing expression only when necessary.

1. Complex operation requiring precise control of inducer addition time and concentration.

2. Potential impact of inducers on cells.

3. Inducible expression usually limited by specific conditions.

4. Fluctuations in expression levels under different experimental conditions.

Suitable for studying gene functions and expressing proteins under specific conditions.

Conventional Gene Expression Vector

Genes of unknown function or specific sequences.

Screening marker or reporter gene elements: Subcellular localization of genes or overexpression or restoration of gene expression is achieved by screening markers or reporter genes.

Immunogenicity: Some expression vectors will cause the host cells to produce an immune response, resulting in the removal of the vector or cell death.

Functional study of genes.

Recombinant Protein Expression Vector

Gene sequence encoding the target protein.

1. The gene sequence designed according to the target protein is not necessarily natural.

2. Specific tag elements containing target protein screening and purification.

3. It has a variety of protein expression systems such as E.coli, yeast, mammalian, insect cells and so on.

4. Most of the promoters are inducible expression promoters.

5. Good Scalability: From the experimental level to the industrial level.

1. High Cost: From vector construction to protein purification.

2. Difficulties in Amplification: Mainly trapped in cell growth conditions, product stability maintenance, etc.

3. Some proteins cannot be efficiently expressed due to their complex structure, difficult to fold correctly or easy to degrade by host cells.

1.Protein Production

2.Gene Therapy

3.Vaccine Development

Non-Coding RNA Expression Vector

There are many types of miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs, or circRNAs.

High Specificity: RNA sequence selection and design for specific genes or RNA molecules.

1. Initiate Immune Response

2. Non-Specific Regulation

3. Poor Stability: The stability of non-coding RNA in vivo is low.

1. Regulate Gene Expression.

2. Can be used as a useful tool to study the biological function of non-coding RNA.

3. Can treat some diseases caused by abnormal gene expression.

Antibody Protein Expression Vector

A gene sequence that encodes a specific antibody, including DNA fragments that encode antibody heavy and light chains.

Flexibility: Can express a variety of types of antibodies, including monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, etc.

By modifying and optimizing the vector, advanced applications such as multi-gene co-expression and fusion protein expression can also be achieved.

1. Instability of Expression Efficiency: The expression efficiency of the vector is unstable due to factors such as host cell type, culture conditions, and gene sequence.

2. Activity Not Easy to Control: Antibody aggregation and misfolding lose activity.

3. High Purification Cost: Expensive purification reagents and equipment increase the cost of antibody production.

4. Host Cell Safety: Some host cells, such as mammalian cells, may carry viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens when expressing antibodies. Strict biosafety measures are required to ensure the safety of the production process.

Antibody Drug Development

CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout Vector

A gene knockout tool based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The Cas9 protein on the vector is derived from the type II CRISPR / Cas system of Streptococcus pyogenes, which can accurately identify and cut the target DNA sequence to achieve targeted gene knockout.

1. Flexibility: The vector construction technology is easy to operate, and the cleavage of different DNA sequences can be achieved by changing the Cas9 protein sequence.

2. Wide Applicability: Vector construction technology can be widely used in a variety of biological systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, animals, and more.

DNA

1. Off-Target Effect: There is a certain off-target effect.

2. Genome Instability: DNA breakage and repair may lead to genomic instability and increase the risk of mutation.

3. Carcinogenic Risk: Studies have shown that CRISPR-Cas9 KO vectors may cause certain types of cancer.

CRISPR-Cas13 Knockout Vector

CRISPR-Cas13 is a CRISPR-associated protein capable of cutting RNA with a high degree of RNA recognition and cutting ability, which can accurately identify and cut the target RNA sequence.

1. Flexibility: The Cas13 KO vector can be flexibly edited for different RNA sequences and only the corresponding crRNA needs to be replaced.

2. Safety: The Cas13 KO vector is edited at the RNA level and does not change the genomic DNA sequence, thus avoiding the risk of off-target effects and gene mutations that may be caused by DNA editing. In addition, the Cas13 KO carrier produces fewer by-products during the editing process and has lower cytotoxicity that further improves its safety.

RNA

Off-Target Effect: Although CRISPR-Cas13 has high specificity in RNA recognition, there is still a certain risk of off-target effect.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety: The long-term efficacy and safety of the CRISPR-Cas13 KO vector in RNA editing still needs to be further studied and evaluated.