Receptor proteins are located on the cell membrane, can bind to its corresponding ligand, and conduct signal transduction to initiate a series of intracellular signaling cascade effects. According to the receptor protein structure, transduction process, cascade effect, and receptor location, receptor proteins can be divided into five categories: ion channel receptors, which play a role in the rapid reaction of single transduction. G-protein coupled receptors, a family of membrane receptors that connect intracellular effector systems through G-proteins. Receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, a family of transmembrane receptor proteins with tyrosine kinase activity. Tyrosine protein kinase-coupled receptors, activates the other tyrosine kinases through conformational change, thereby initiating the intracellular signaling process. Intracellular receptors, present in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, bind to ligands that cross the cell membrane and exerts biological effects by activating enzymes.

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